Loading Linux Images over UART Print

 

This article explains how to load images to the target over UART in U-Boot. Keep in mind that loading via a serial port will take quite a long time (minutes per file!) due to the low speeds (limited to 115.2 Kps). That said, for embedded designs that do not provide an Ethernet port it may be the only reasonable development and software manufacturing option using U-Boot and uClinux.

Using the Embedded Artists LPC4357 Dev Kit, you connect to the target serial console via the USB/UART interface on the baseboard. Assuming you connect to a Linux PC host, on the Linux host the LPC4357 serial console will be visible as a /dev/ttyUSBx device. The U-Boot and Linux software configures the console for 115.2 Kps operation.

There are various serial communication tools available for Linux, the most popular perhaps being kermit. kermit is a very powerful tool that can be run in interactive mode or controlled by a script. There is abundant documentation on kermit available in the Internet, if you require details.

The download procedure is based on the loadb command provided by the U-Boot command interface. loadb implements a download capability over UART using the kermit protocol and has the following synopsis:

loadb [<load_address> <baud_rate>]

If you do not specify a load address, then the value will be taken from the loadaddr environment variable. On the LPC4357 loadaddr is set as follows, placing the download buffer into SDRAM:

EA-LPC4357> print loadaddr
loadaddr=0x28000000
EA-LPC4357>

If you do not specify a baud rate, then the speed the console is currently running at will be used (set to a default value of 115200 on the LPC4357 Dev Kit).

Once the transmission using loadb finishes, the file will be in memory at the specified load address. The loadaddr environment variable will automatically be set to the address the loadb command used. The filesize environment variable will automatically be set to the number of bytes transferred during the load operation.

Then you are free to do whatever you like with the loaded image. You can boot Linux from the image (assuming it is a Linux uImage file), copy it to some other place (for instance, on-module Flash), display the memory, etc.

To automate the download procedure, you might want to put a desired sequence of interactive steps involving interactions with the U-Boot command interface on the target and kermit on the host into a shell script. For instance, here is a sample script to download a Linux bootable image (networking.uImage) to SDRAM and boot Linux from it:

$ vi uartboot-lpc4357.script
#!/usr/local/bin/kermit

set port /dev/ttyUSB1
set speed 115200
set carrier-watch off
set flow-control none
set prefixing all

echo {loading uImage}
PAUSE 1

OUTPUT loadb ${loadaddr} 115200\{13}
send networking.uImage
INPUT 180 {\{13}\{10}EA-LPC4357> }
IF FAIL STOP 1 INPUT timeout

echo {running kernel}
PAUSE 1
OUTPUT run addip; bootm\{13}

c

Copy the sample Linux image (networking.uImage) from the Emcraft software distribution to the host directory you will be running the shell script from.

Then run the script to download the image to the target via UART and boot Linux from it:

[vlad@yota ~]$ ./uartboot-lpc4357.script
loading uImage

C-Kermit 8.0.212 Dev.26, 20 Dec 2006, yota.emcraft.com [172.17.0.138]

Current Directory: /home/vlad
Communication Device: /dev/ttyUSB1
Communication Speed: 115200
Parity: none
RTT/Timeout: 01 / 03
SENDING: networking.uImage => NETWORKING.UIMAGE
File Type: BINARY
File Size: 2105968
Percent Done: 1 -
...10...20...30...40...50...60...70...80...90..100
Estimated Time Left: 00:03:00
Transfer Rate, CPS: 8683
Window Slots: 1 of 1
Packet Type: D
Packet Count: 8
Packet Length: 9024
Error Count: 0
Last Error:
Last Message:

X to cancel file, Z to cancel group, to resend last packet,
E to send Error packet, ^C to quit immediately, ^L to refresh screen.

It will take a 3+ long minutes to download the image at 115.2Kps but finally it will get to the target and Linux will boot from it:

## Total Size = 0x00202270 = 2105968 Bytes
## Start Addr = 0xD0007FC0
EA-LPC4357>  running kernel
Connecting to /dev/ttyUSB1, speed 115200
Escape character: Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS): enabled
Type the escape character followed by C to get back,
or followed by ? to see other options.
----------------------------------------------------
run addip; bootm
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at c0007fc0 ...
Image Name: Linux-2.6.33-arm1
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 2105904 Bytes = 2 MB
Load Address: 28000000
Entry Point: 280000001
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...

...
init started: BusyBox v1.17.0 (2014-09-25 12:54:13 +0400)
~ # ls
bin dev etc httpd init mnt proc root sys usr var
~ #